Truvada Review Article |
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Truvada contains emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate as its active ingredients. Both these belong in the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class of antiretroviral drugs.
The two ingredients have been shown to act synergistically against HIV.
HIV is a retrovirus: it holds all its genetic information in the form of RNA. When it infects a host cell, the RNA gets copied into DNA by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. In the form of DNA, the viral genetic code can integrate itself in its host’s own DNA. Then, as the host’s DNA is copied into RNA and then proteins are produced according to the code, the viral DNA gets copied along, and produces its own proteins. The viral proteins together with viral RNA then join to make up more viruses. Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate both work by inhibiting the action of reverse transcriptase, thus inhibiting the propagation of HIV.
Emtricitabine in cells gets converted into emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate, an analogue of deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate, one of the four nucleotides from which DNA assembles. When viral RNA is reverse-transcribed into DNA in the cell, emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate gets incorporated in the place of deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate into the DNA that is being synthesised. When this happens, DNA synthesis is halted, as the next nucleotide can not form a bond with emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate (this DNA synthesis halt is called chain termination).
Tenofovir in cells gets converted into tenofovir diphosphate, an analogue of deoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate, another DNA nucleotide. In a similar manner to above, it competes for deoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate in the DNA that is being reverse-transcribed from RNA, causing chain termination.
Truvada generic (generic - what is it?)
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HIV & AIDS
 Truvada Review Article
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