Selegilin prescribing information |
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Selegiline notes
Selegilin available under brand name of Selegiline and Eldepryl is used for the treatment of early-stage Parkinson's disease, depression and senile dementia.
Selegiline is already used successfully to treat canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) in dogs.
The standard recommended Eldepryl dosage for Parkinson's disease is 5 mg twice a day. Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.
If a dose is missed, it is advised to consume it as soon as it is remembered. If it is near the time of the next dose, the missed one should be skip and the usual dosing schedule should be resume and strictly not to double the dose to catch up.
Customers can buy eldepryl from the reliable and trustworthy online pharmaceutical sites.
Selegilin is also available under brand name of jumex and deprenyl.
Chronic treatment of aged rats with deprenyl prevents age-induced protein oxidation in substantia nigra and protects tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme against inactivation.
Store selegiline below 30°C (86°F) and away from heat and moisture
Selegiline description
Selegiline works by helping to conserve the amount of dopamine available by preventing the dopamine from being destroyed. While controversial, there is some evidence that this drug may slow the progression of Parkinson's disease, particularly early in the course of the disease. This drug is well-tolerated by most people, so many experts recommend using it despite the controversies.
Deprenyl is Prescribed:
to treat Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is associated with low levels of a chemical called dopamine (doe PA meen) in your brain. The exact way that Selegiline works is unknown. However, it is believed that Selegiline prevents the breakdown of dopamine in your brain. Selegiline is usually added to a treatment regimen after levodopa / carbidopa therapy begins to deteriorate.
Selegiline is also used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease. It is also used to treat the same muscular conditions when they are caused by drugs such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine), fluphenazine (Prolixin), perphenazine (Trilafon), and others. Selegiline may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.
Drug Mechanism:
Selegiline provides selective protection against the age-related degeneration of the dopaminergic nervous system. It protects sensitive dopamine-containing neurons from the age-associated increases in glial cells (non-neuron brain cells) and the monoamine oxidase (type B) that they contain. Selegiline is the first selective inhibitor of MAO-B ever discovered, it is the only one used in clinical practice, and it remains the scientific reference standard for B-type inhibition after more than 40 years.
Selegiline also competitively inhibits the uptake of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine (collectively referred to as catecholamines) into neurons. This unique ability among the MAO inhibitors prevents the “cheese effect,” a dangerous hypertensive reaction caused by neural uptake of tyramine from tyramine-containing foods like aged cheeses, certain wines, yeast, beans, chicken liver and herring. Selegiline exhibits no significant cheese effect at therapeutic dosages, and only minimal effects at extremely high dosages.
Selegiline is a drug that was discovered around 1964-65. It was originally developed as a “psychic energizer,” designed to integrate some amphetamine-like brain effects with antidepressant effects. Also known as L-deprenyl, (-)-deprenyl, and selegiline, Selegiline has been intensively researched over the past 36 years - many hundreds of research papers on Selegiline have been published. Selegiline has been shown to protect nerve cells against a wide (and growing) number of neurotoxins. Selegiline has also been shown to be a “neuroprotection/ neurorescue agent” when nerve cells are exposed to damaging or stressful conditions.
Dosage Form:
The dose of Selegiline will be different for different patients. Your doctor will determine the proper dose of Selegiline for you. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label.
For the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the usual dose of Selegiline is 5 mg two times a day, taken with breakfast and lunch. Some patients may need less than this.
Drug Interactions:
Selegiline can interact with other medications such as Demerol, and many depression medications. Be sure to talk to your doctor about any other medication you are taking before taking Selegiline. Although Selegiline is less likely than non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors to interact with tyramine in food, like other monoamine oxidase inhibitors it can produce life-threatening reactions when given with pethidine. Zornberg GL, et al. severe adverse interaction between pethidine and Selegiline.
Pregnancy:
Selegiline has not been studied in pregnant women. However, this medicine has not been shown to cause birth defects or other problems in animal studies.
Nursing Mothers:
is not known whether Selegiline passes into the breast milk.
Dietary and Alcohol Considerations:
Alcoholic beverages or alcohol-free or reduced-alcohol beer and wine.
Foods that have a high tyramine content (most common in foods that are aged or fermented to increase their flavor), such as cheeses; fava or broad bean pods; yeast or meat extracts; smoked or pickled meat, poultry, or fish; fermented sausage (bologna, pepperoni, salami, summer sausage) or other fermented meat; sauerkraut; or any overripe fruit. If a list of these foods and beverages is not given to you, ask your health care professional to provide one.
Possible Side Effects:
Common side effects are nausea and vomiting. The most frequent side effects also include chest pain (severe); enlarged pupils; fast or slow heartbeat; headache (severe); increased sensitivity of eyes to light; increased sweating (possibly with fever or cold, clammy skin); nausea and vomiting (severe); stiff or sore neck.
Storage:
Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Selegiline should be stored at below 30°C (86°F) and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Heat or moisture may cause the medicine to break down. Keep away from light. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication. Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Be sure that any discarded medicine is out of the reach of children.
Packing:
Box of 30 tablets, 5 mg and 10 mg.
Selegiline: an effective drug for mental functioning
Selegiline also referred, as Jumex is an effective medication to improve mental function and to protect ageing of brain. It is an effective drug to treat two deadly disorders namely Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Selegiline is prescribed to treat tremors, stiffness and spasms. It offers defense against the degeneration of dopaminergic nervous system. The intake of Selegiline restrains the absorption of catecholamines into the neurons. It also averts the hazardous hypersensitive reaction due to the absorption of tyramine from foodstuffs such as aged cheese, yeast, chicken liver and the like. This is popularly known as “cheese effect”. It offers wide protection against a number of neurotoxins.
Dosage levels differ from patient to patient. The usual Selegiline dosage for patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease is 5 mg, twice a day. Lesser dosages are also administered in certain cases. Though Selegiline makes a steady and slow progress while administered to treat Parkinson’s disease, it has proven to be an effective drug for the past four decades. It is also used to treat cognitive dysfunction in dogs.
Selegiline is known to interact with other depression medications such as Demerol. It is highly dangerous to administer Selegiline with pethidine. There are no evidences of malevolent effect against the prescription of Selegiline for pregnant women and nursing mothers. It is also important to discuss about the food and beverages to be avoided while Selegiline is taken. Foodstuffs which are rich in tyramine such as cheese, poultry, meat, fish, sausage and alcoholic beverages, should be strictly avoided.
The commonly known side effects due to the intake of Selegiline are vomiting and nausea. It also results in stiffness, increase or decrease in heart beat, profuse sweating and chest pain. Selegiline should be protected from moisture and heat. It should be stored in a cool, dark place maintained below 30°C.
Selegiline (Deprenyl)
 Selegiline is an MAO-B inhibitor that is classified as irreversible and selective relatively. It may also be referred to as l-deprenyl. Because this is the best drug available on the market that balances results with affordability, it is one of the most commonly prescribed treatments for Parkinson’s disease. Many studies have confirmed its safety for its primary use and can act as a neuroprotective or antidepressant agent.
MAO or monoamine oxidase is an enzyme which branches into two classifications—type A and B. The main difference between them is the different genetic coding. In addition to these types, MAO can either be reversible or irreversible as well as selective or nonselective in terms of effects. These classifications mean that Selegiline must be carefully prescribed and testing must occur as the intake for the wrong reason or misdiagnosis may lead to neurological side effects. Otherwise, Selegiline is very beneficial in yielding results and can be used for many treatments as proven by several clinical trials.
Since its discovery and introduction on 1960 in Hungary, it has been used for treating mostly neurological conditions as it was actually due to a study regarding the human drive or motivation by Joseph Knoll. Ever since then, it has branched out from Parkinson’s disease treatment for helping in ending smoking for nicotine dependent smokers, treating HIV-associated cognitive impairment, treatment of Schizophrenia symptoms, treatment for major depression, improving AD/HD symptoms with adolescents and even human lifespan extension as well as anti-aging.
Researchers aimed in concluding the levels of safety and effectiveness of Selegiline for easing the process of withdrawal of cigarettes for smokers who have already become dependent to nicotine. They conducted the study among 101 individuals who fit the criteria and will be tested and prescribed with a dosage of 5 mg Selegiline twice per day for 8 weeks while a control group received placebo. The subjects will also have to attend a group counseling therapy for smokers. All who participated could not smoke during that period and was evaluated with the use of a breathalyzer for detecting levels of carbon monoxide and plasma cotinine.
According to the end results, there was some difference of abstinence from cigarette smoking as opposed to those in placebo shown by data taken each specific marker of days. There were no adverse effects that would have been naturally seen such as withdrawal symptoms from quitting smoking without any pharmacological aid. The only reported side effect is dry mouth but other than that, the participants had no harmful health results and were taken well by the body. This was the only 2nd study of its kind and more studies regarding its relation to helping smoking cessation with smokers will be conducted though the differences in abstinence from smoking are not as high as hoped for but definitely showed better rates than those on placebo.
The next clinical trial is the use of Selegiline transderrmal system or STS for HIV brain related symptoms. The researchers were to measure the damage done to the brain through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition to that, STS will be used for testing MAO-B’s effects on an oxidative stress. They were generally expecting a reduction of levels and it will be measured by detection of protein carbonyl concentration on cerebral spinal fluid.
With this study, there were only 62 participants, each with brain impairment due to HIV and will be involved in testing of the previously cited levels for 24 weeks. The dosage of STS varied according to the group that was randomly determined. The first were to take in 3 mg STS every day and the other was 6 mg every day. Finally, there was a control group put on placebo. Neuropsychological Z and cognitive domain scores were used to keep track of any progress or changes. In the 12th and 24th week, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy testing was conducted while carbonyl concentration on cerebral spinal fluid were taken prior to and at the end of the 24 week duration of treatment.
The results showed that there were higher levels of N-acetyl aspartate/creatine on the 24th week in comparison to the start for the placebo group in comparison to the STS group but the difference was still in a minimal range to certainly conclude oxidative stress decrease was a concrete effect of STS. As for the other part of the study, there was also only a slight difference between placebo and STS groups. The study for STS concluded that only small improvements were shown by using STS. However, this is also a young route for a new use of STS and they will change some of the variables in future studies.
Another suggested use for Selegiline is for reserving negative symptoms of Schizophrenia at specific dosages. This is also a recent clinical trial and one of the first with its purpose. Selegiline will be used in conjunction with Risperidone for treating study group with Schizophrenia in an augmentation therapy. The trail lasted for 8 weeks and involved 40 individuals who were patients in a facility with an active and chronic form of the condition. The group was divided into two. The first will be receiving 6 mg Risperidone each day and 10 mg Selegiline twice a day. The second group will be treated with a combination of 6 mg Risperidone and placebo daily. The effects were later evaluated with PANSS or Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
At the end of the trail week, researchers reported that the scores on the PANSS were substantially higher for those who took the adjunct therapy of Selegiline and Risperidone daily as opposed to those who only received Risperidone and placebo daily. The decrease in both was tremendous but the combination of the two drugs was comparatively better. The results were significant this time though a larger study group is required before it is passed on for this medical purpose.
Likewise, EMSAM or another name for Selegiline Transdermal System underwent a clinical trial regarding its benefits of usage for treating individuals on the age of 12 to 17 years with major depression disorder. The participants were to be involved in a 2 year duration of testing and assessment of both single and recurrent psychotic behavior. The patch used contained 6 mg, 9 mg or 12 mg of Selegiline every 24 hours while another group received placebo of the same dosage. The results showed significant decrease of the major depression symptoms such as mood, guilt, retardation, anxiety and other somatic factors. There was also less display of oversleeping, overeating, and suicide tendencies. The participants showed improvement with focus, physical activities, participation and levels of happiness. Therefore, STS was concluded to have a significant positive effect as a treatment for depression and had shown high scores with the tests for HAM-D29 and MADRS.
 Seleginine has also been used for treating AD/HD symptoms which is yet another common condition with children. In a study during the year of 1999, a physician in a children’s hospital in Toronto, Canada used Seleginine for a placebo-controlled clinical trial. This was not the only study of its kind though it was the first to use placebo-controlled subjects. In the earlier version of uncontrolled testing, there were already improvements of behavioral symptoms in children who were successfully diagnosed with the condition.
The study was only in a small scale with 10 participants who were 6 to 13 years of age. They were given 5 mg tablets of placebo on the first month two times each day. On the next month, they switched it to Seleginine. After assessing results in paired associate learning, mathematical abilities and Beery shape test, the researchers were able to conclude the improvement of the children with AD/HD in accomplishing tasks as well as performing inside the classroom.
Perhaps an interesting recommendation for a new use of Selegiline is its effects on the human lifespan and aging process. The first study was conducted years ago and has been followed since then with furthermore similar purposes. However, the basics of it still remain the same. As previously stated, Seleginine is used for treating Parkinson’s disease and other neurological conditions. Researchers used this fact and threw in the logic that a youthful mind equals a youthful body.
 In a group study of unspecified total, the participants 10 mg of Selegiline each day. This yielded its neurprotective properties. Due to the fact that 80% of total brain dopamine is located in the basal ganglia, this amount of Selegiline was able to boost the levels by 40 to 70% as the MAO-B also in the basal ganglia is preserved.
In addition to this study, various animal testing were done on hamsters and beagle dogs. The results significantly varied in terms of a longer lifespan for those on Selegiline as opposed to those on placebo. However, sex was a major factor and influenced the results as more female had survived in the longer time frame.
Every year, newer Selegiline studies are being pursued. Very little is still known and proven with this drug as it has remained obscure from Western pharmaceutical companies and unnoticed after its creation but more benefits from it as tested are on their way.
REFERENCES:
1. Weinberger, A.H., Reutenauer, E.L., Jatlow, P.I., O'Malley, S.S., Potenza, M.N., and George, T.P. 2010. A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial of Oral Selegiline Hydrochloride for Smoking Cessation in Nicotine Dependent Cigarette Smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 107(2-3): 188.
2. Schifitto, G., Yiannoutsos, C.T., Ernst, T., Navia, B.A., Nath, A., Sacktor, N., Anderson, C., Marra, C.M, Clifford, D.B. 2009. Selegiline and oxidative stress in HIV-associated cognitive impairment. Neurology 73(23):1975-81.
3. Amiri, A., Noorbala, A.A., Nejatisafa, A.A., Ghoreishi, A., Derakhshan, M.K., Khodaie-Ardakani, M.R., Hajiazim, M., Raznahan, M., and Akhondzadeh, S. 2008. Efficacy of selegiline add on therapy to risperidone in the treatment of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. Hum Psychopharmacology 23(2):79-86.
4. Somerset Pharmaceuticals. 2007. A Phase IV, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Flexible Dose Study of the Safety and Efficacy of EMSAM in Adolescents With Major Depression.
5. Best, B. Can Deprenyl (Selegiline) Extend Human Lifespan?
6. Dean M.D., W. Deprenyl- A Multi-Functional Anti-aging Drug.
7. Pullen, L. DG DISPATCH - AACAP: Deprenyl May Result In AD/HD Symptom Improvements.
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