Diabetes mellitus, type 2 |
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Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism in which sugars in the body are not oxidized to produce energy due to lack of the pancreatic hormone insulin. The accumulation of sugar leads to its appearance in the blood and in the urine. The symptoms include thirst, weight loss and excessive production of urine. There appears to be an inherited tendency in diabetes, but the disorder can be triggered by various factors, including physical stress. Type 1 diabetes usually starts in childhood and is more severe than adult-onset diabetes (Type 2). Type 1 is characterized by absolute absence of insulin in the blood, while in type 2 insulin is usually present at small amounts or it cannot function properly. The treatment of diabetes is based on a carefully controlled diet in combination with either insulin injections or other drugs that lower blood glucose levels. It is frequently associated with progressive disease of the small vessels, particularly by affecting the eye (diabetic neuropathy). Products: Antidiabetic agents
Acarbose
 Acarbose is an oral anti-diabetic drug for treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and pre-diabetes in some countries. It is marketed under the brand name Glucobay (Bayer AG) in Europe, Precose (Bayer Pharmaceuticals) in North America, and Prandase (Bayer AG) in Canada. It inhibits Alpha Glucosidase which is an enteric enzyme that releases glucose from larger carbohydrates by digesting starches in food. Thus, it belongs to the class of drugs termed Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors. It results in a lower and slower increase in blood glucose especially right after meals.
Acarbose helps diabetic and obese patients with postprandial lipid metabolism
Acarbose is an inhibitor type of drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It primarily hinders or reduces the glycoside hydrolases or alpha glucosidase which are enzymes found in the intestines and are responsible for digestion and processing of carbohydrates into glucose. Continue reading...
Actos
 Actos (Generic Name: Pioglitazone) belongs to the class thiazolidinedione (TZD) and is a prescription drug with hypoglycemic action (antihyperglycemic/antidiabetic action). It is used to treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus which was known as Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM). It was also used for the treatment of fatty liver or Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis but this use is currently regarded as experimental. Pioglitazone may cause fluid retention and peripheral edema.
Aktos reduces insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and liver
Actos is a brand name of the drug Pioglitazone and is a Thiazolidinedione class. It is used as an antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic medication for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus also called Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. In addition to this primary usage, Actos is also prescribed for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis or a fatty liver condition. Continue reading...
Amaryl
 Amaryl (generic name: glimepiride) is a sulfonylurea anti-diabetic drug that is medium to long acting. It is very potent as the first third-generation sulfonylurea. This drug is oral blood sugar-lowering and belongs to the sulfonylurea class of medications which are used for managing diabetes. Lowering of blood sugar is due to the release of insulin through pancreatic beta cells drug stimulation and by drug induced increase in activity of intracellular insulin receptors. Glimepiride is related to other sulfonylureas such as glipizide (Glucotrol), glyburide (Micronase; Diabeta), tolazamide (Tolinase), and tolbutamide (Orinase). Its contraindications include pregnancy and hypersensitivity sulfonylureas while side effects may include leukopenia, occasional allergic reactions, hemolytic anemia, gastrointestinal disturbance, and thrombocytopenia (rarely). Moreover, the risk of hypoglycemia is raised in the first weeks of treatment. In December of 1995, Glimepiride was approved by the FDA.
AMARYL – DIABETES INNOVATIVE TREATMENT
Supposing yourself to be healthy, strong-minded and energetic with an adequate nutritional diet, the concept of Diabetes and its undesirability might never bother you. Take an overall attention to statistic below then consider again whether you should be even more careful than you thought you have already been or not. Continue reading...
Avandia
 Avandia (Generic Name: Rosiglitazone) is a drug that belongs to the classification of oral anti-diabetic drugs termed thiazolidinediones (TZDs) — also known as glitazones— and is anti-hyperglycemic. Members of this class also include Pioglitazone (Actos). On the other hand, another member which is known as Troglitazone or Rezulin was pulled out of the market since it causes liver toxicity. Rosiglitazone combats insulin resistance and is thus used for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It works by decreasing the amount of glucose or sugar present in the bloodstream. It is often called an “insulin sensitizer” since it attaches to insulin receptors present in cells all over the body and stimulates the cells to be more sensitive and more responsive to insulin. Consequently, more glucose is eliminated from the blood. However, some insulin must be synthesized by the pancreas so Rosiglitazone can function. Side effects may include eye damage and bone fracture.
Sugar – The Source of Energy
Every day we face a lot of activities – we wake up in the morning, cook breakfast, go to work, do the work, go home etc etc. In each activity that we do, we require a certain amount of energy. In fact, even asleep, we require energy to keep our body functioning well. The energy we spend comes from the food we eat.
Sugar is the main source of energy for our bodies. These sugars or carbohydrates come from foods such as bread, rice, potatoes, beans, pastas and many form. These complex sugars or carbohydrates are metabolized to simpler ones called monosaccharide so that our cells can utilize them as energy source. Glucose, a monosaccharide, is body’s main source of energy. Continue reading...
Competact
 Competact (Actoplus Met) approved in 2005. It’s a combination therapy with two active components, pioglitazone (a thiazolidinedione) and metformin (a biguanides). Both drugs are classified as insulin sensitizers. It is the first and only fixed-dose combination approved with the extended release form of metformin. It is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus,
Prior to approval, this drug did not have any efficacy studies. But its separate components, metformin and pioglitazone, have long been established for its safety and efficacy. The separate approvals of the two drugs were used as the combination drug’s basis for approval. Concerns regarding the combination drug were addressed with two clinical studies proving that co administration of the two tablets (Glucophage and Actos) is safe and effective. A study made by Seufert (2006) has found that the two separate drugs is bioequivalent with a single Competact.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high glucose levels in the blood. It is a disease of differing etiology, played out by genetics), lifestyle and environmental or cultural factors. Diabetes mellitus may be caused by insulin secretion problems, decreased glucose uptake by cells, increased glucose production or a combination of these three. Continue reading...
Diabenol
 Diabenole (glibenclamide), also known as Glyburide (USAN) or Glucobene, is an anti-diabetic drug in a class of medications known as sulfonylureas. It is sold in doses of 1.25 mg, 1.75 mg, 2.5 mg, 3.5 mg and 5 mg, under the trade names Diabeta, Glynase and Micronase in the USA and Daonil, Semi-Daonil and Euglucon in the UK, Diabenol and Glucobene in other countries. It is also sold in combination with metformin under the trade name Glucovance.
Diabenole (generic name: glibenclamide, which is otherwise known as Glucobene and Glyburide) is a drug mainly used for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, a disease condition wherein insulin is not used by the body normally and thus cannot be in charge of the amount of sugar present in the bloodstream, especially for individuals whose diabetes cannot be managed only through their diet. Glibenclamide belongs to a drug classification termed Sulfonylureas. By causing the pancreas to release insulin and helping the body use the released insulin effectively, this drug is able to decrease blood sugar. However, it is necessary for the pancreas to produce insulin first before this medication can function. Thus, it is not used for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes wherein the pancreas cannot produce insulin. Continue reading...
Galvus
 Galvus, sold as tablets, contains the vidagliptin active ingredient which is a DPP-4 inhibitor and it is used to treat people with type II diabetes, whose blood sugar is not sufficiently controlled by other medicines. It works by increasing the amount of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide which are normally produced naturally by the body in response to food intake. You should not take this drug if you have a type I diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis or decreased liver function, if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if you have severe heart failure.
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a group of common metabolic disorders characterized by abnormally high sugar/glucose levels in the blood – a state known as hyperglycemia. It is a disease caused by an interaction of genetics and lifestyle (e.g. high intake of sweets). Continue reading...
Glucobay
Precose is an oral medication used to treat the noninsulin-dependent diabetes, also known as type II diabetes, when high blood sugar levels cannot be controlled just by diet. It works by slowing the body's digestion of carbohydrates so that blood sugar levels won't surge upward after a meal. Precose can be taken alone or in combination with other diabetes medications such as Diabinese, Micronase, Glucophage or Insulin.
Keywords: acarbose, glucobay tablets, glucobay 50, glucobay side effects, glucobay 100.
Glucobene
Glucobene (glibenclamide), also known as glyburide (USAN), is an anti-diabetic drug in a class of medications known as sulfonylureas.
It is sold in doses of 1.25 mg, 1.75 mg, 2.5 mg, 3.5 mg and 5 mg, under the trade names Diabeta, Glynase and Micronase in the United States and Daonil, Semi-Daonil and Euglucon in the United Kingdom, Diabenol and Glucobene in other countries.
It is also sold in combination with metformin under the trade name Glucovance.
Glucophage, Glucophage XR
 Considered as the first drug of choice in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and classed in the biguanide type of medication Glucophage( Metformin) is an oral anti-diabetic drug use mostly for overweight and obese people and those with normal kidney function. Glucophage SR (slow release) or XR (extended release) was introduced in 2004, in 500 mg and 750 mg strengths, mainly to counteract the most common gastrointestinal side effects, as well as to increase patient compliance by reducing pill burden.
Used also as a treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome its efficacy on gestational diabetes has also been noted although safety concerns still hinder its widespread use in this setting. It’s also known as Glyburide (USAN) and has been investigated for other diseases where insulin resistance may be an important factor.
Carbohydrates & Glucose
A major part of the diet is carbohydrates, from which glucose comes from. Whether in the form of rice, bread, potatoes, pastries or pasta, carbohydrate rich food is a must in the diet. When metabolized, these carbohydrates become glucose, which is the major source of energy of the body.
Glucose level in the body is regulated by two enzymes, insulin and glucagon. When there is reduced glucose, glucagon acts by producing glucose from stored fats from the body. When there is excess glucose, insulin acts and stores glucose as fat, serving as “energy reserves”.
The Danger of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus, according to the World Health Organization, is one of the most prevalent lifestyle diseases. It contributes a major percent of mortalities and morbidities all over the world. Continue reading...
Inulin
Inulin belongs to a class of fiber known as fructans and hence the part of a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides, which are soluble fibres. Because of the nature of its composition it is being widely used in processed foods as replacement to sugar, fat and flour and also in various medicines and usage like measuring the kidney function. The versatile ingredients in inulin increases calcium absorption and magnesium absorption and have many other health benefits. Impact of Inulin in increasing blood sugar is minimal compared to fructose and hence and can be a good component for diabetic food. But Inulin is no without its share of side affects. Usage of this fiber in large quantities has been linked to gas and bloating.
Janumet
Janumet, sold as tablets, contains sitagliptin and metformin and can be used in combination with diet and exercise in order to lower blood sugar in adults with type II diabetes. It works by helping your pancreases to make and release more insulin, improving the insulin sensitivity and decreasing the excess of sugar that body makes. You should not take this drug if you have a type I diabetes. It is also important to keep a healthy weight because this is very good for your heart and can help you lower the levels of sugar in your blood.
Metformin
 Metformin an oral medicine used to treat type II diabetes, a type of diabetes mellitus. Sometimes it can be used in combination with insulin, but it is never used to treat type I diabetes. With this type of diabetes, insulin produced by the pancreas is not able to get sugar into the cells of the body where it can work properly. Using metformin will help to lower blood sugar when it is too high and help restore the way you use food to make energy. In some cases, while taking metformin people can develop lactic acidosis. You have a higher risk to develop this life-threatening condition if you have a congestive heart failure, a liver or kidney disease, if you are dehydrated or have a severe infection and if you drink large amounts of alcohol.
Metformin: Anti-diabetes, Anti-cancer and Anti-aging drug
Metformin is a safe and cost-effective drug which has been used for over 5 decades for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is presently the only available biguanide used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (biguanides are drugs that lower glucose levels). Its mechanism of action is not well established; however it is understood that it probably involves its ability to increase the activity of hepatic insulin, aid the release of incretins, decrease deposition of amyloid and alter the metabolism of bile acids. Metformin is also sometimes prescribed for women with ovulation problems. There have also been evidence that suggests the drug to have some anticancer effects as studies from epidemiology, in vitro and animal trials have indicated. Metformin is also gaining increasing attention from researchers as it has been indicated as a geroprotector, i.e. a drug able to prolong lifespan. Continue reading...
Milgamma
Milgamma is used to treat neurological disorders, neuropathies, polyneuropathies, neuralgia, herpes and facial paralysis. It is also highly effective in patients with diabetic neurophaty. Milgamma exist in three forms which are the dragees, injection and capsules. It works by restricting the build up process of the blood sugar level in the different cells in the body.
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Diabetes mellitus, type 2
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