Memory loss |
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Short-term memory loss is one of the most common signs of the first stage of Alzheimer's disease. The patient repeatedly forgets the last major events of their lives, oblivious to the information contained in recent conversations with friends and family, places, and their clothes and in strange places, which then can not remember or do not understand how they got there.
Loss of memory
Dementia refers to symptoms of brain function impairment and can be a symptom of many disease processes, including Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia is characterized by impairment of two or more brain functions that may include memory loss, difficulty with language, confusion, unpredictable behavior and impaired judgment. Dementia may be reversible if the underlying cause is treated.
Alzheimer’s disease is a disease of the brain that is progressive and irreversible and the most common cause of dementia in older patients. As the disease progresses the patient will slowly begin to lose memory, cognitive function and thinking until eventually simple tasks of daily life become impossible. Alzheimer’s will eventually result in death.
Alzheimer’s disease was first identified by Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1906 when brain cell abnormalities were discovered during the autopsy of a psychiatric patient. Dr. Alzheimer noted twisted protein fibers inside nerve cells, called neurofibrillary tangles, as well as clumps of deposits surrounding the nerve cells, called plaques. These plaques and tangles cause nerve cell death. As more nerve cells die, nerve communication within the brain is affected causing the progressive mental deterioration that characterizes Alzheimer’s.
Although this process is generally accepted as the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, what causes the development of the tangles and plaques is still unknown. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease
most commonly appear after middle age but it is believed the damage may begin years before the onset of symptoms. It is speculated that several factors influence the development of Alzheimer’s disease including lifestyle, environmental factors and the actual process of aging.
Recent research indicates there may be a genetic component. Scientists have identified variants of the genes SORL1, CLU, PICALM, and CR1 as possibly having a role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Approximately 40% of people who have Alzheimer’s disease have a variant of gene APOE; however having this variant does not guarantee that you will develop Alzheimer’s. Further study of the genetic component of Alzheimer’s disease is needed.
 Alzheimer’s disease symptoms in most people first appear after age 60. Although rare, the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease can appear in patients as young as 30 years old. This is classified as “early-onset Alzheimer’s disease”. This disease appears earlier and can progress more rapidly. There does seem to be a familial component and inherited genetic mutations have been identified although not all early-onset cases can be linked to this mutation.
Although there is no treatment for the disease itself, only the symptoms, research indicates that a healthy lifestyle may help prevent Alzheimer’s disease. Good nutrition and exercise and remaining mentally and socially stimulated may all be factors. Studies are being conducted to examine the link between other conditions such as coronary disease and diabetes to Alzheimer’s.
Current treatment strategies for Alzheimer’s disease, are aimed at slowing the progression of the disease. There are a few medications approved for this indication. Aricept, Memantine, Latrepirdine (Dimebon) Unfortunately, there is not yet a method of halting the disease process and as mental faculties decline personal care becomes more intensive and expensive.
It is estimated that over 5 million Americans suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. This corresponds to a cost of over $100 billion per year in the United States alone. The projection is that by the year 2050 the number of patients will increase to 15 billion. It is possible to live for 20 years after a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. More research is needed to find a treatment to halt the progression and finally cure the disease. Products: Nootropic and smart drugs
Caffeine complex
 Koffein is a naturally occurring derivative which acts as a central nervous system (CMS) stimulat which is temporarily restoring alertness and drowsiness. It is used to manage the fatigue, orthostatic hypotension and in some cases to treat the apnea of premature infants.
Humans consume caffeine in different forms like coffee beans and tea leaves. Apart from the two these products, caffeine is contained in different beverages containing ingredients derived from kola nut. Other common sources that contain caffeine are guarana berries, yerba mate and yaupon holly.
Caffeine Complex
Each tablet of Koffein Complex contains 100mg of taurine, 100mg of caffeine, 0.7 mg of vitamin B1, 0,8 mg of vitamin B6 and 0.5mcg of vitamin B12. You should keep in mind that Koffein is contraindicated in patients who demonstrated hypersensitivity to any of its components. Continue reading...
Nootropil
Piracetam is nootropic agent. An effect on metabolism has been shown in man indicating improved oxygen utilisation. NOOTROPIL has a low toxicity and has no stimulating, sedative or neurovegitative activities. Piracetam has been used with varying effect in the following conditions and could influence them favorably, although no convincing proof of efficacy has been submitted.
1. Involutional syndromes related to ageing.
2. Chronic alcoholism.
Piracetam has not been found to have any contra-indications to date.
Packing: 800mg/90tab, 1200 mg/60 tab, 1200 mg/100tab
Dosage: 1 x 800 mg tablet three times daily. This initial dosage should be carried on for 3 to 8 weeks before the dosage is gradually reduced to half a tablet three times daily.
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Nootropyl
Piracetam is nootropic agent. An effect on metabolism has been shown in man indicating improved oxygen utilisation. NOOTROPIL has a low toxicity and has no stimulating, sedative or neurovegitative activities. Piracetam has been used with varying effect in the following conditions and could influence them favorably, although no convincing proof of efficacy has been submitted.
1. Involutional syndromes related to ageing.
2. Chronic alcoholism.
Piracetam has not been found to have any contra-indications to date.
Packing: 800mg/90tab, 1200 mg/60 tab, 1200 mg/100tab
Dosage: 1 x 800 mg tablet three times daily. This initial dosage should be carried on for 3 to 8 weeks before the dosage is gradually reduced to half a tablet three times daily.
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Pikamilon (Picamilon)
Pikamilon (Generic name: picamilone, pikamilone, picamilon) is an oral inhibitory neurotransmitter that is used to treat anxiety and depression. It contains the combination of GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid) and Niacin which have both nootropic effects to improve the cognition responses of the patients. It works by crossing the blood-brain barrier to activate the GABA receptors to produce anxiolytic response as well as to vasodilate the blood vessels thereby relieving the patient from headaches. The drug has low toxicity thus there are no known side effects that are attributed to taking the drug. However, it is still not advisable for pregnant women or children to take this drug. Picamilone is a combination of GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid) and Niacin (vitamin B3).
Piracetam
Piracetam is nootropic agent. An effect on metabolism has been shown in man indicating improved oxygen utilisation. NOOTROPIL has a low toxicity and has no stimulating, sedative or neurovegitative activities. Piracetam has been used with varying effect in the following conditions and could influence them favourably, although no convincing proof of efficacy has been submitted.
1. Involutional syndromes related to ageing.
2. Chronic alcoholism.
Piracetam has not been found to have any contra-indications to date.
Vinpocetine
 Vinpocetine basically is a anti stroke remedy which is also useful for brain circulation, memory improvement, anticonvulsant, cognition enhancement, neuroprotection and hearing ability. It is available under the brand name of cavinton and intelectol. It works by blocking calcium channel activity as well as voltage gated sodium channel. It has also been found that vinpocetine inhibits the acetylcholine release evoked by excitatory amino acids. Above this it is also reported to inhibit a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase and it is speculated that this inhibition enhances cyclic GMP levels in the vascular smooth muscle which leads to reduced resistance of cerebral vessels and increase of cerebral flow.
Mass Introduction of Vinpocetine Gets Scientists’ Approval
Vinpocetine, known also as Intelectol or Cavinton, is a derivative of vincamin, an alkaloid of Periwinkle platnts (Vinca Minor L). This product has been tested in over 100 experimental and clinical trials performed on more than 30 000 patients. Vinpocetine is literally non-toxic. Since its introduction 30 years ago, there has not been documented any case of intoxication with this product. This fact allows the use of Vinpocetine at any age and also guarantees its application in long term treatments.
Moreover, it is compatible with almost all medication used at the present time, and less than 1% of the customers mention unfavorable effects. However these effects imply only individual cases of oversensitivity such as hypotension, mouth dryness, weakness and propensity to tachycardia. There are concerns about using Vinpocetine before going to bed due to its stimulating functions. Some precautions should be taken when associated with products that influence hemostasis, particularly in cases which may trigger high probability for bleeding. Continue reading...
Vinpotropile
Vinpotropile is a combination of Vinpocetine (with cerebro protecting properties) and Piracetam (with nootropic properties). It is basically micro-circulation enhancer which improves oxygen supply to brain cells. Piracetam increases brain cell metabolism and energy levels, and speeds up interhemispheric flow of information. Piracetam markedly decreases the formation of neuronal lipofuscin and improves posture in elderly people. It basically works by oxygenating and activating cerebral metabolism. Vinpotropile side effects include decrease in blood pressure, rarely tachycardia and extrasystole, prolonging the excitability time of the ventricle.
Xanthinol nicotinate
 Complamin, or xanthinol nicotinate is a vasodilating agent from two compounds, xanthinol and nicotinic/niacinic acid, which both acts as vasodilator.
It is a drug available only in select countries. Its approved use is for the management of cerebral and peripheral vascular disorders, as well as for the management of hyperlipidemias (Sweetman, 2009). It is also used for short term memory disorders and other cognitive disorders such as dementia.
Mechanism of Action
Complamin’s activity is based on its two components – xanthinol and nicotinic acid. Complamin is slowly metabolised in the body to release the two drugs. Nicotinic acid is a known vasodilating agent, which most studies say is the main active component of the drug. Xanthinol, a theopylline derivative, enhances the effects of nicotinic acid (Bieron et al., 1998).
In a study made by Seidel and Endell (1977), they determined the possible mechanism of action of Complamin. In their study, they found that Complamin acts by inhibition of collagen induced platelet aggregation, which is opposed to an earlier theory that it inhibits adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation. Continue reading...
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