Fungal infections |
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Fungi are simple plants that lack the green pigment chlorophyll. They include mushrooms, moulds, yeasts and rusts. Some species are parasites in plants and animals and can cause fungal infections. Infections are not particularly dangerous, but can be unpleasant and embarrassing. Typical symptoms include reddening of the infected area, formation of blisters, feelings of itching and burning. Fungal infections develop quickly and need to be treated on time. The most common types of fungal infections are tinea, athlete’s foot and candida (yeast infection). Overweight or diabetic people, as well as people who work with water (e.g. dishwasher) are affected more often. Products: Antifungals
Clotrimazole, Bifonazole
 Clotrimazole (Bifonazole, Betamethasone) is an antifungal agent for topical use. It has a broad spectrum of action is applied for treatment of the majority of fungal pathogens of human diseases, including yeast fungi (genus Candida). Additionally has antibacterial effect. Clotrimazole is effective for treatment of a wide range of skin infections including infections of the mucous membranes caused by yeast fungi. The diseases that Clotrimazole is affectively applied to include fungal skin (feet) disease, pityriasis versicolor, erythrasma superficial candidiasis, caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, molds and other fungi and pathogens that are sensitive to Clotrimazole; mycoses complicated by secondary pyoderma. The drug’s contraindications include pregnancy (the first trimester) and individual intolerance of Clotrimazole. Clotrimazole, which is also known as Bifonazole and betamethasone, is an antifungal agent used majorly for the treatment of major fungal pathogens such as yeast fungi that are responsible for human diseases. In addition to that, it has antibacterial effect that makes it appropriate for the treatment of different skin infections like that of mucous membranes that are majorly caused by yeast fungi. Here are certain diseases for which Clotrimazole is used for treatment:
• Pityriasis versicolor
• Fungal skin diseases
• Mycoses complicated by secondary pyoderma
• Erythrasma superficial candidiasis –caused by dermatophytes, moulds, yeasts and other fungi pathogens. Continue reading...
Diflucan
 Diflucan (generic name: fluconazole) is an antifungal drug used to treat the fungal infections like yeast infections of the vagina, throat, esophagus, lungs, mouth and other organs. It is also used to treat the meningitis caused by fungus. Diflucan (fluconazole) is also used to prevent the yeast infections in patients who are undergoing the treatment with the chemotherapy and radiotherapy before a bone marrow transplant as there is risk of yeast infections during this treatment. Diflucan (fluconazole) is used to prevent both the systemic as well as the superficial fungal infections.
Mechanism of action
Diflucan (fluconazole) inhibits the fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme 14α-demethylase. The demethylase enzyme which is present in the human body is less sensitive to the Diflucan (fluconazole) thus Diflucan (fluconazole) only inhibits the demethylase enzyme found in the fungus. The inhibition of fungal demethylase by Diflucan (fluconazole) ultimately leads to the inhibition of ergosterol synthesis from the lanosterol. As there is no ergosterol synthesis thus the fungal cytoplasmic membrane becomes weaken and the cellular permeability of fungus is increased and thus leakage of cellular components occurs which leads to the death of the fungus. (Borgers., et al 1980). Continue reading...
Fluconazole
Fluconazole is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infection due to candida. Basically it is an anti fungal antibiotic. It can be used for the treatment of any kind of fungus in any part of the body including mouth, throat, oesophagus, lungs, bladder, genital area and blood. It also helps to prevent fungal infection in people with weak immune systems caused by cancer treatment, bone marrow transplant or AIDS. It is recommended not to take this medication if allergic to fluconazole. It is mandatory to follow doctor’s instruction and the restriction on food and beverages. The usual dose for vaginal candidiasis is of 150 mg orally per day.
Lamisil
Terbinafine, sold as Lamisil, is a medicine used to treat infections caused by fungus and affect the toenails and fingernails. Also, the lamisil oral granules are used in treating children under four years with fungal infections of scalp hair follicles.
Nizoral
 Nizoral having generic name Ketoconazole is an anti-fungal agent available in white tablets. It is basically used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections such as candidiasis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, oral thrush, candiduria, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, chromomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. It belongs to the class fluconazole. It is recommended not to use this drug for meningitis fungus as it penetrates poorly into cerebral spinal fluid. It is also use for the treatment of severe recalcitrant cutaneous dermatophyte infections. The recommended dosage of this medication is of 3.3 to 6.6 mg per kg. Minimum treatment duration is of 4 weeks. It is found that this drug may cause serious damage to liver.
Fungal Infections
Fungi (Kingdom Myceetae) are a group of organisms that are somewhat hard to describe. They are considered a group between groups, because of the sharing of characteristics between different organisms. For instance, some fungi are single- celled (like many bacteria are), while some are as large as plants. Some reproduce by fission (asexual reproduction), while others reproduce sexually. Continue reading...
Orungal
 Orungal (Itraconazole) also known as Sporanox is a drug used in the treatment of fungal infections, such as aspergillosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and fungal infection localized to the toenails and fingernails (onychomycosis).
Fungal Infections
Fungi (Kingdom Myceetae) are a group of organisms that are classified as saprophytes (which derives nourishment from dead organic material) and parasites (derives nourishment from a living host). The characteristics of fungi are hard to describe, because they can exist either as unicellular yeasts (similar to bacteria), or multicellular (similar to higher organisms); can reproduce either by asexual (binary fission) or sexual reproduction.
Fungi can exist almost everywhere. They can be found in soil, trees, even under the sea (as with lichens, a combination of algae and fungus). Some even live inside the normal flora of the body (as with parasites and pathogenic fungi). There are about 100,000 known fungal species. Of these, only a hundred are pathogenic to humans.
Fungi are a group of microbes that is medically important, since some of them are sources of effective antibiotics; and because of pathogenic species, some of which causes serious life threatening infections. Human fungal diseases can be classified according to their site of infection – cutaneous mycoses attack the epidermis; subcutaneous mycoses are those that attack and penetrate deep beneath the skin; and systemic mycoses attacking the blood and internal organs. Several drugs have been made available to eradicate fungal infections. Orungal is one drug. Continue reading...
Sporanox
Merketed as Sporanox by Janssen Pharmaceutical, itraconazale is an azole antifungal medicine, which kills sensitive fungi by interfering with the formation of the fungal membrane. It is available as capsules (100mg) or oral solution (10mg/ml). Sporanox is prescribed for treating of fungal infections in both HIV and non HIV infected individuals and is active against three types of serious fungal infections: blastomycosis, hystoplasmosis and aspergillosi, which can invade any part of the body including the mouth or throat, toenails, fingernails and lungs. It can also be used to treat patients with fever and low white blood cell counts who are likely to develop a fungal infection. You must avoid taking Sporanox if you are allergic to itraconazole or similar medications such as Diflucan or Nizoral, or if you have ever had congestive heart failure or if you are pregnant or you intend to become pregnant during treatment. Before taking Sporanox you should talk to your doctor and tell him all the medications you take, because some of them can interact with Sporanox. Also, you should let your doctor know if you have a heart disease, a history of stroke, a heart rhythm disorder, a breathing disorder, kidney or liver disease or a history of “Long QT syndrome”.
VFend (Voriconazole)
Voriconazole, sold as VFEND by Pfizer, is a triazole antifungal medication which is generally used to treat serious, invasive fungal infections. These infections are generally seen in patients who are immunocompromised and include invasive aspergillosis, invasive candidiasis, and certain emerging fungal infections.
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Fungal infections
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