Adamantan Review Article |
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Adamantan and Viregyt are European brand names for the antiviral drug amantadine (generic name). Amantadine is an antiviral drug which can prevent virus replication in cells. Also it can be used in Parkinson's disease. It works by preventing the virus’ processes of invading and multiplying inside cells and is therefore considered as preventive rather than curative medication. To be able to render its positive effects on a person, it must be taken before the infection begins. A common warning sign that the intake of Adamantan is already too late includes fever. Aside from the influenza virus, previous years of using Adamantan lead to an experimental indication for various illnesses affecting the nervous system which in turn affects the emotional and mental wellness of a person. Despite its long use in medicine already, research is yet to be done to fully uncover its mechanism of action.
Over the recent years, the secondary use of Adamantan is for Parkinson’s disease. Several clinical trials have shown that it may stop the progress or perhaps may even revert the symptoms of the disease which mainly affects the motor skills of the patient. This movement disorder is called dyskinesia. In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, there were 36 patients of Parkinson’s disease and were divided into two groups for 300 mg of Adamantan and placebo per day in 27 days. Around 60% to 70% of the participants in the study who were affected with Parkinson’s disease to the stage of suffering dyskinesia already have shown improvement thereby demonstrating Adamantan’s effectiveness. This was evaluated after 15 days with the Rush Dyskinesia Rating Scale. After the trial was stopped, the researchers then used the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part IV a, IV b and III.
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The use of Amantadine has widely broadened and research groups are now currently focusing on its effectiveness for medicating other mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. Though this is still to be completed, the doctors have reason to believe that Adamantan will be effective in lowering prolactin levels which are hormones that increase when schizophrenia disorder is developed.
The efficacy of this drug for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is also being studied in comparison to other drugs. 50 participants of age 6 to 17 from both genders diagnosed with ADHD were first evaluated using the DSM-IV-TR criteria. The study population was then divided randomly to Ritalin and Amantadine and was to take 20 to 30 mg or 100-150 mg respectively for 6 weeks. The use of Amantadine in low doses for ADHD has been proven effective and safe previously but has only been now compared with a psychostimulant drug. Adamantan is known to induce dopaminergic effects.
References:
1. Sawada, H., Oeda, T., Kuno, S., Nomoto, M., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, M., Hisanaga, K., Kawamura, T., 2010. Amantadine for Dyskinesias in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS ONE 5(12): e15298.
2. Henderson M.D., D.C. 2011. Amantadine Addition to Palperidone ER, Paliperidone palmitate or Risperidone Consta Therapy for Prolactin Elevation.
2. Akhondzadeh, S., 2010. Amantadine Versus Ritalin in the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
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 Adamantan Review Article
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